منابع مشابه
Avoided by Association: Acquisition, Extinction, and Renewal of Avoidance Tendencies Toward Conditioned Fear Stimuli
Traditional theoretical models hold that avoidance reflects the interplay of Pavlovian and instrumental learning. Here we suggest that avoidance tendencies to intrinsically neutral cues may be established by mere Pavlovian association. Following fear conditioning, in which pictures of one object were paired with shock (CS) whereas pictures of another object were not (CS), CS pictures facilitate...
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Autonomous Cross-Country Navigation requires a system which can support a rapid traverse across challenging terrain while maintaining vehicle safety. This work describes a system for autonomous cross country navigation as implemented on the NavLab II, a computer-controlled off-road vehicle at Carnegie Mellon. The navigation software is discussed. The perception subsystem constructs digital maps...
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We characterize the avoided crossings in a two-parameter, time-periodic system which has been the basis for a wide variety of experiments. By studying these avoided crossings in the near-integrable regime, we are able to determine scaling laws for the dependence of their characteristic features on the non-integrability parameter. As an application of these results, the influence of avoided cros...
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A fixed 2-dimensional projection of a 3-dimensional Brownian motion is almost surely neighborhood recurrent; is this simultaneously true of all the 2-dimensional projections with probability one? Equivalently: 3-dimensional Brownian motion hits any infinite cylinder with probability one; does it hit all cylinders? This papers shows that the answer is no. Brownian motion in three dimensions avoi...
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In many senses, the recent publication in PNAS by Ceballos et al. (1) on population losses and declines in vertebrates can be traced back to efforts early in the 20th century led by the American Committee for International Wildlife Protection to document the extinction phenomenon (2–4). The focus at the time was very much on individual species, not on extinction rates, and certainly not on prec...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1987
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/330013a0